BMWBLOG

BMWBLOG

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BMWBLOG is a dedicated channel for enthusiasts and owners of the BMW brand, offering comprehensive coverage that spans from historical icons to cutting-edge electric vehicles. The channel provides valuable content such as real-world test drives, detailed car reviews, practical how-to guides, and expert tips tailored for both current owners and admirers of BMW. It delves into the complete spectrum of BMW's offerings, including the high-performance M series, the innovative i electric line, and cherished Classic models that have defined the brand's legacy.

Beyond reviews and technical guidance, BMWBLOG offers an exclusive look behind the scenes, featuring interviews with BMW's engineers and designers, deep explorations of iDrive technology, and extensive coverage of global car launches, motorsport events, and major auto shows. The channel also extends its reach to include reviews of related brands like MINI and Rolls-Royce, and offers BMW podcasts, all presented through passionate storytelling that bridges the brand's past, present, and future.

Latest Additions

Showing 24 of 131 total titles. Page 5 of 6.

BMW 7 Series 2023 - First Technical Details

BMW 7 Series 2023 - First Technical Details

This video provides an in-depth technical preview of the 2023 BMW 7 Series, including the all-electric i7 variant, ahead of its official launch. The p... roject lead highlights the vehicle's new architecture designed for technology neutrality, accommodating both combustion engines and the electric i7 from the outset. Key focuses include a significant uplift in comfort and luxury, particularly for rear passengers, with features like the "Theater Screen" aiming to create a "rolling cinema" experience. The driving dynamics are emphasized, with engineers detailing advancements in chassis rigidity, suspension, steering, and braking systems to ensure both agility and comfort across all drivetrain variants. The review also touches upon advanced driver-assistance systems, including highway and urban cruise control, and sophisticated parking functions, underscoring BMW's commitment to a seamless and intuitive driving experience. The i7 is confirmed to be available from the start of production in July, with market availability in November. less
BMW i7 Electric First Test Drive & Review

BMW i7 Electric First Test Drive & Review

This first-ever BMW i7 electric drive review highlights its astonishing performance, describing it as a "rocket" with brutal, instant torque... and acceleration that surpasses even the V8 7 Series. The reviewer praises the electric drivetrain's effortless power delivery and the car's surprisingly agile handling for its size, attributing this to features like integral steering, air suspension, and electronically adjusted dampers. While the prototype's range couldn't be precisely measured, an estimated 600km WLTP was mentioned, with the battery pack shared with the iX. The interior is noted as simplified and minimalistic, similar to the iX. The reviewer anticipates an even more powerful M performance version, likely the i7 M70. Key takeaways include the i7's dual character, offering both sporty dynamics and a serene, quiet ride, though potential buyers need to consider charging infrastructure availability. The reviewer leans towards the electric future, finding the i7 effortless and fun to drive. less
Drove the First Ever BMW iX5 Hydrogen Car

Drove the First Ever BMW iX5 Hydrogen Car

This video provides an in-depth look at the BMW iX5 Hydrogen prototype, highlighting its development and capabilities. The reviewer emphasizes that th... e iX5 Hydrogen is fundamentally an electric car, utilizing the same powertrain and electric motor as the iX model, with hydrogen serving as the energy source converted via a fuel cell. Key advantages discussed include the rapid 3-4 minute refueling time, a range of approximately 500 km (300 miles), and consistent power delivery regardless of external temperature or battery charge, unlike battery-electric vehicles which can suffer efficiency loss in cold weather. The vehicle boasts a combined output of 374 horsepower, with the fuel cell providing 175 hp and a power battery offering an additional 150 kW boost for acceleration. While acknowledging the current limitations in hydrogen infrastructure, BMW positions this technology as a complement to battery-electric vehicles, particularly for users requiring flexibility and long-distance travel. The prototype's interior and testing in extreme Arctic conditions are also showcased, underscoring its readiness for real-world scenarios. less
2024 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Review & Driving

2024 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Review & Driving

The second-generation BMW 2 Series Active Tourer represents a significant evolution, aiming to blend practicality with premium appeal. The reviewer hi... ghlights substantial improvements in exterior and interior design, making it more visually appealing and modern, drawing comparisons to the X1 and i4. Inside, the cabin is praised for its premium materials, advanced iDrive 8 system, and spaciousness, particularly in the rear seating and cargo areas, which offer up to 1455 liters with seats folded. While the 220i model tested, with its 170 horsepower, is deemed adequate for family duties and comfortable for long trips, the reviewer notes noticeable body roll and a bouncy suspension on aggressive driving, suggesting the car prioritizes comfort over outright sportiness. The removal of the iDrive controller and the new gear shifter take some getting used to. Overall, the Active Tourer is positioned as an accessible entry point into the BMW brand, offering a compelling package of space, technology, and premium feel at a starting price of around 37,200 euros in Germany, making it a strong contender for families seeking practicality. less
BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Gets New Engines in 2022

BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Gets New Engines in 2022

This video provides an in-depth technical overview of the updated powertrains for the 2022 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer, presented by BMW engineers. The... focus is on efficiency and performance improvements across both internal combustion engine (ICE) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) variants. Key highlights include the new 48-volt mild-hybrid system integrated into the seven-speed dual-clutch transmission, which enhances power delivery and fuel economy. For the PHEV models, the new generation 5 e-drive unit, featuring an electrically excited synchronous motor and a redesigned flat battery, offers a significant increase in electric range (up to 90 km) and improved driving dynamics due to a lower center of gravity. The review emphasizes BMW's commitment to electrification and sustainability, detailing advancements in battery technology, charging capabilities (up to 7.4 kW AC), and the integration of BMW xDrive all-wheel-drive in the PHEV models. While not explicitly stating cons, the presentation is highly technical and aimed at providing detailed information rather than a traditional driving review. less
BMW M3 xDrive - This Is Why I Ordered One

BMW M3 xDrive - This Is Why I Ordered One

Joe Achilles joins the BMWBLOG Podcast to discuss his decision to trade his RWD M3 Competition for the new M3 xDrive. He highlights the xDrive's ... superior performance and grip, particularly in adverse weather, noting that the added weight is negligible and the driving dynamics remain engaging, even allowing for rear-bias driving modes. The financially savvy move is enabled by strong used car residuals. The conversation also touches on the current used car market's volatility, the merits of the AC Schnitzer-tuned Z4 M40i as an interim vehicle, and the appeal of the new 2 Series Coupe, especially the M240i, as a modern interpretation of BMW's classic driver's cars. Achilles expresses a preference for the xDrive, deeming it the better car and suggesting the RWD version may be phased out. less
M440i Gran Coupe - Buy This or the BMW i4?

M440i Gran Coupe - Buy This or the BMW i4?

The BMW M440i Gran Coupe, a second-generation model, is presented as a stylish and practical four-door sedan with a hatchback, aiming to blend the pra... cticality of a sedan with the sportiness of a coupe. While its design is generally praised, the controversial 'giant grille' is noted as a significant aesthetic drawback. Inside, the cabin largely mirrors the 3 Series and 4 Series coupe, featuring the iDrive 7 system with reliable wireless Apple CarPlay. Rear seat space is adequate for two adults, though headroom is limited by the sloping roofline, and thigh support is lacking for longer journeys. Driving dynamics are described as more 'grand touring' than outright sporty, with a comfortable ride and a smooth, powerful B58 engine. However, the steering feel is criticized as artificial and video-game-like, lacking direct feedback. The reviewer strongly questions the M440i's value proposition, particularly against the all-electric BMW i4. The i4 M50 is highlighted as being faster, quieter, more environmentally friendly, and offering a comparable or only slightly higher price point, making it the preferred choice for most buyers seeking a premium, sporty four-door from BMW. The M440i is seen as a potential bridge to electrification, offering a familiar experience for those transitioning to the i4. less
Bmwblog Podcast: Bmw XM’s Bold Styling — Not For Everyone?

Bmwblog Podcast: Bmw XM’s Bold Styling — Not For Everyone?

The BMWBLOG podcast tackles the polarizing design of the BMW XM, with hosts Nico and Horatiu acknowledging its divisive nature and questioning if it&#... 039;s for everyone. While the design is described as bold and attention-grabbing, with a particularly striking front fascia and split headlights, the rear is considered a weaker point. The interior, however, receives praise for its premium materials like vintage leather and woven carbon fiber, and the retention of physical buttons. The discussion highlights that the XM is targeted at a specific demographic seeking to stand out, rather than traditional M enthusiasts. Despite design criticisms, the hosts suggest that if the XM drives exceptionally well, it could be its saving grace, similar to the Lamborghini Urus. They also touch upon the vehicle's hybrid powertrain and its potential reception in European markets concerned with electrification. The conversation also briefly covers CES tech like the BMW iX Flow and Theater Screen, and the M240i's driving dynamics. less
Nikki Shields Talks Electric Cars, Formula E, BMW and More

Nikki Shields Talks Electric Cars, Formula E, BMW and More

Nikki Shields, a prominent broadcaster for Formula E and journalist, shares her extensive insights into the world of electric vehicles and motorsport.... The discussion highlights the evolution of Formula E from its niche beginnings to its current status as a major racing series, attracting top manufacturers and drivers. Shields expresses a preference for street circuits, citing their ability to create exciting racing and provide unique backdrops, though acknowledging the challenges of tight tracks leading to accidents. She contrasts Formula E with Formula 1, explaining that F1 cannot go fully electric due to exclusive rights held by Formula E and is likely to pursue synthetic fuels or hydrogen. Shields praises the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and BMW iX as standout electric vehicles, emphasizing the iX's unique design and comprehensive package. She also commends Tesla for its pioneering Supercharger network, despite personal reservations about its minimalist interior design. The conversation touches upon the future of electric mobility, with Shields suggesting that current range capabilities are sufficient and the focus should shift to charging infrastructure and battery longevity. Her personal connection to BMW, stemming from her father's lifelong ownership, is evident, and she discusses her work with the brand on reviews and the 'Changing Lanes' podcast. She also shares her positive experiences with the BMW i3 and her current BMW X5 plug-in hybrid. less
BMW XM Is a 750 Horsepower Concept

BMW XM Is a 750 Horsepower Concept

The BMW XM concept, as presented by BMWBLOG, is a bold and massive statement piece for the brand, aiming to blend ultimate luxury with M-level sportin... ess. The reviewer highlights its imposing presence, a departure from the X7, with a new design language featuring a distinctive kidney grille, split headlights, and a power dome hood. The interior is lauded for its "cocoon-like" design, luxurious vintage leather, and unique dashboard elements, particularly the three vertical openings resembling the M logo. The rear seating is described as a "lounge" experience, emphasizing comfort and space. A key takeaway is the groundbreaking V8 plug-in hybrid powertrain, delivering an anticipated 750 horsepower and 1,000 Nm of torque, making it the most powerful BMW ever. The reviewer notes the concept's bespoke architecture and the integration of M elements throughout, suggesting it's a significant step for BMW's M division, though specific production details remain to be confirmed. less
BMW Concept XM - All The Design Details You Need To Know

BMW Concept XM - All The Design Details You Need To Know

This video provides an in-depth look at the design philosophy behind the BMW Concept XM, featuring insights from BMW M Head of Design, Markus Syring. ... The review highlights the vehicle's bold proportions, characterized by a long wheelbase, large wheels, and a dynamically declining roofline, creating a unique presence for the "extroverted luxury" segment. Key design elements discussed include the split headlights with integrated LED light guides, the horizontally oriented kidney grilles with full contour lighting, and the distinctive matte bronze and space gray metallic two-tone paint scheme. The interior is praised for its driver-oriented cockpit with a curved display and M-typical accents, contrasted by a luxurious passenger-focused rear lounge area with unique materials like velvet and Chesterfield quilting. The rear design is noted for its powerful statement, featuring a unique roofline, three-dimensional rear lights, and vertically oriented hexagonal exhaust pipes. Overall, the Concept XM is presented as a radical departure, blending BMW's X DNA, M power, luxury, and electrification into a cohesive, albeit polarizing, design. less
BMW i4 Production

BMW i4 Production

This video documents a significant milestone for BMW: the first production run of the all-electric i4 at its historic Munich plant. The narrative high... lights the plant's century-long legacy and its successful adaptation to accommodate EV manufacturing alongside internal combustion engine vehicles, including the 3 Series, 4 Series Gran Coupe, and M3. The i4's production launch is framed as a pivotal moment, signaling BMW's firm commitment to electrification and its future strategy. The video emphasizes the technological and logistical feat of integrating EV production into an established facility, underscoring BMW's dedication to its electric future. less
2024 BMW i4 M50 Review

2024 BMW i4 M50 Review

The BMW i4 M50 is put to the test in its homeland, Germany, with the reviewer aiming to ascertain if BMW's "Sheer Driving Pleasure" slo... gan translates to its electric offerings. The M50 variant is highlighted as an AWD model, featuring dual electric motors and an advanced traction control system (ARB x). The interior design mirrors the standard 4 Series Gran Coupé, offering familiarity for those transitioning from combustion engines, with subtle blue accents denoting its electric nature. Driving modes (Sport, Comfort, Eco Pro) are discussed, with Sport mode offering sharper throttle response, stiffer suspension, and simulated engine sounds. The reviewer praises the immediate torque delivery and impressive acceleration, noting it can rival combustion-engine performance cars like the M3/M4, especially on the Autobahn where speeds exceeding 200 km/h are achievable. The adaptive brake regeneration system, particularly the one-pedal driving 'B' mode, is detailed, though it requires an adjustment period. A notable omission is the lack of a front trunk ('frunk'). Overall, the i4 M50 is presented as a compelling, fun-to-drive electric vehicle that doesn't feel like a compromise, offering a strong option for those considering the switch to electric mobility. less
2022 BMW iX xDrive50 - Design, Range and Driving

2022 BMW iX xDrive50 - Design, Range and Driving

The 2022 BMW iX xDrive50 is presented as a bold new direction for BMW, built on a dedicated electric platform prioritizing comfort over sportiness. Th... e reviewer highlights its spacious interior, a significant advantage over combustion-engine counterparts like the X5, and praises the comfortable "carpet-like" ride quality, attributed to advanced chassis engineering. Performance is noted as impressive, with instant electric torque providing strong acceleration. The interior design, featuring a unique hexagonal steering wheel and minimalist controls, is a point of discussion, with some elements like the relocated presets potentially polarizing. The reviewer is particularly impressed with the premium materials and the advanced technology, including the Ultra-Wideband integration for keyless entry. While the WLTP range is cited at 630 km, real-world efficiency is expected to be lower due to aggressive driving during testing. The reviewer concludes that the iX is a compelling, albeit expensive, family electric crossover and a strong contender in the premium EV market, especially when compared to the X5, despite a slightly smaller trunk. less
BMW iX - These Are the Coolest Features

BMW iX - These Are the Coolest Features

The BMW iX is presented as a daring and technologically advanced electric SUV, marking a significant step for the brand's EV future. The review h... ighlights several "coolest features," including the "intelligent panel" kidney grille with self-healing properties and hidden sensors, the innovative washer fluid refill mechanism, and the optional slim laser headlights. The Sports Package is noted for its distinct front geometry, 22-inch aerodynamic "carrier wheels" that enhance range by approximately 10 km, and tinted rear glass. The interior is praised for its spaciousness, comparable to an X5 despite similar exterior dimensions, and a luxurious, "boutique hotel" feel with modern materials like microfiber. A standout feature is the 40+ speaker Bowers & Wilkins sound system, with speakers integrated into the headrests and shakers in the seats for an immersive experience. The new iDrive 8 system, displayed on the largest screen in a BMW, offers intuitive operation, predictive navigation with charging spot calculation, and an intelligent range indicator that adapts to driving style. The "glass package" or "crystal package" replaces many physical buttons with a jewelry-like aesthetic, contributing to the minimalist interior design. The "Sky Lounge" electrochromatic glass roof, which can be tinted or untinted with a touch, is also a notable feature. While cargo space is slightly less than an X5 (500 liters), the overall impression is of a highly advanced, comfortable, and technologically rich electric vehicle. less
BMW iX Powertrain - Brand's Most Tech-Heavy Offering

BMW iX Powertrain - Brand's Most Tech-Heavy Offering

This video provides an in-depth look at the BMW iX's advanced powertrain, focusing on the fifth-generation BMW eDrive platform. The reviewer high... lights the innovative electrically excited synchronous motor, which avoids rare-earth magnets, offering advantages in torque control, efficiency, and environmental impact. A key feature discussed is the ability to switch off the front electric motor when not needed, significantly improving efficiency. The battery technology is also detailed, emphasizing BMW's in-house design and production of components like the cell coating for enhanced safety and manufacturability. The review touches upon the different recuperation modes, particularly the adaptive mode which adjusts based on traffic conditions, and the impressive charging capabilities, with the iX50 supporting 200 kW charging and achieving 80% in 35 minutes. The overall impression is that the iX represents BMW's most technologically advanced offering, with a strong focus on efficiency, performance, and sustainability. less
2023 BMW M5 CS Review

2023 BMW M5 CS Review

The BMW M5 CS is hailed as the most powerful and impressive BMW the reviewer has ever driven, representing the pinnacle of the internal combustion M5 ... era. The reviewer is particularly impressed by its dual nature: capable of comfortable daily driving and cruising, yet delivering astonishing performance with a 0-60 mph time of 2.81 seconds and a 10.8-second quarter mile. Key highlights include the Alcantara steering wheel, supportive carbon sport seats (including unique rear bucket seats), and a revised suspension that offers a perfect balance of firmness and compliance, providing exceptional steering feel and confidence. The reviewer criticizes the removal of the center console as a weight-saving measure that makes little practical sense. Despite its high price and the end of an era for such powerful ICE sedans, the M5 CS is declared the best BMW the reviewer has ever driven and their favorite currently on sale, a sensational and ridiculously good car that deserves to be driven. less
The Electric Car Journey From The BMW I3 To The I4 and IX | BMWBLOG Podcast

The Electric Car Journey From The BMW I3 To The I4 and IX | BMWBLOG Podcast

This BMWBLOG podcast episode features electric vehicle pioneer Tom Moloughney, who shares his extensive journey from early MINI E trials in 2009 to ow... ning multiple BMW i3 models. Moloughney highlights the i3's innovative use of carbon fiber and recycled materials, its excellent safety performance in accidents, and its unique appeal to dedicated enthusiasts, despite its polarizing design and initial range limitations. He expresses a wish for a sportier 'i3s' version to be available from launch and for more aggressive battery cell technology to offer better range from the outset. While acknowledging the i3's success as a pioneering effort, Moloughney points out BMW's slow follow-up with the i4 and iX, allowing Tesla to gain significant market share. He praises Tesla's powertrain efficiency and, crucially, its ubiquitous Supercharger network as major advantages. The discussion also touches upon the future of EVs, the challenges of public charging infrastructure for other manufacturers, and the potential of emerging brands like Lucid and Chinese automakers. less
How To Replace The 12V Battery in The BMW i3 Guide

How To Replace The 12V Battery in The BMW i3 Guide

This comprehensive DIY guide from BMWBLOG details the process of replacing the 12V auxiliary battery in a 2017 BMW i3. The video emphasizes crucial di... fferences compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, particularly the need to disconnect the high-voltage system for safety. It highlights the use of specific tools and the Remy AUX18L battery, costing around $140. A key takeaway is the necessity of registering the new battery with the car using the Bimmerlink app and an iCar Pro OBD2 interface to ensure optimal performance and longevity. The reviewer notes that while the car functions without registration, it's a recommended step for proper battery management. The guide is praised for its detail, though it acknowledges the complexity and potential for error, advising viewers to proceed with caution. less
Bmwblog Podcast Ep. 52 — Exclusive Bmw I4 Test Drive

Bmwblog Podcast Ep. 52 — Exclusive Bmw I4 Test Drive

The BMWBLOG podcast episode 52 delves into an exclusive test drive of the BMW i4 M50 and a detailed exploration of the BMW iX. The reviewer was highly... impressed with the i4 M50, describing it as "fantastic" and a "riot to drive," praising its immense power, quick acceleration, and surprisingly capable handling on curvy roads, even keeping pace with an M2. The steering feedback was noted as impressive, and the adjustable brake regeneration was a welcome feature. While the interior design didn't fully match the concept car's flair, the reviewer found it spacious and appreciated the familiar feel for traditional BMW buyers. The i4 M50 is presented as a compelling alternative to the M3 Competition, offering more power, AWD, and a practical trunk at a competitive price point, especially after subsidies. The iX is lauded for its striking presence in person, superior interior quality and packaging compared to the X5, and innovative features like the self-healing grille and electrochromatic roof, positioning it as BMW's flagship luxury and technology vehicle. The reviewer suggests the iX is a more interesting and potentially better overall package than the X5. The discussion also touches on the 4 Series Gran Coupe, noting its appealing design, and the facelifted X3/X4 M models, with the X3M being highlighted as a near-perfect all-rounder despite its stiff ride. less
2022 BMW iX | Exterior and Interior Design, Driving and Accelerations

2022 BMW iX | Exterior and Interior Design, Driving and Accelerations

This video provides a comprehensive overview of the 2022 BMW iX, detailing its exterior and interior design, driving dynamics, and acceleration capabi... lities. The reviewer highlights the iX's significant impact on BMW's electric vehicle lineup, drawing parallels to the i3. Key variants discussed include the iX xDrive40 and the more powerful iX xDrive50, with specifications on battery size, horsepower, torque, acceleration times, and estimated range. The upcoming iX M60 is also mentioned, promising high performance. The review touches upon the new iDrive 8 system and showcases extensive driving footage, offering viewers a thorough look at BMW's latest electric offering. less
BMWBLOG Podcast Ep.51 - BMW M3 Test Drive and BMW i4 Details

BMWBLOG Podcast Ep.51 - BMW M3 Test Drive and BMW i4 Details

This BMWBLOG podcast episode delves into the new BMW M3 Competition and touches upon the upcoming i4. The reviewer expresses significant enthusiasm fo... r the M3 Competition, highlighting its brutal acceleration, impressive front-end grip, and surprisingly playful nature despite its power and grip levels. While acknowledging the electric steering lacks traditional feel, its responsiveness and precision are praised, making it a standout in the sports sedan segment, potentially surpassing rivals like the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio. The podcast also discusses the merits of the 8-speed automatic over the manual transmission in the M3, favoring the former for its real-world performance and comfort balance. The conversation then shifts to the i4, with details on its upcoming reveal, expected range, and power figures, noting its design aims to be familiar to existing BMW customers. The discussion touches on BMW's design philosophy, the challenges of electric vehicle development, and the future of M performance cars. less
Podcast Ep.50: Jonny Lieberman on the New M3/M4, M2 CS and More

Podcast Ep.50: Jonny Lieberman on the New M3/M4, M2 CS and More

Jonny Lieberman joins the BMWBLOG podcast to discuss his recent driving experiences, highlighting the M8 Gran Coupe, M3 Competition, and M2 CS. He pra... ises the M8 Gran Coupe for its blend of power, neutral handling, and elegant design, considering it a mature alternative in its segment, though acknowledging its high price. The M3 Competition receives exceptional praise for its significant leap in performance over its predecessor, particularly its planted front end, immense torque, and engaging handling, even outperforming a 992 GT3 in some scenarios. Lieberman notes the M3's competition seats are uncomfortable for daily driving but superb for spirited use. He ranks the M2 CS as the best driving BMW ever made, surpassing even the Porsche GT4 in pure driving fun and completeness, despite its premium price tag. The discussion also touches on the controversial M3/M4 design, with Lieberman expressing strong disapproval, and explores the potential for electric drivetrains in BMW's M lineup. less
Podcast Ep.49 - F80 M3 CS, New M3 and Electric BMWs

Podcast Ep.49 - F80 M3 CS, New M3 and Electric BMWs

This podcast episode delves into the F80 M3 CS, with the guest, James, sharing his deep appreciation for the car, highlighting its superior steering, ... chunky Alcantara wheel, and exclusive details that make it a special, limited-production vehicle. He contrasts it with the base M3 and M4, emphasizing the CS's more direct and communicative steering and its unique GTS carbon fiber hood and rear wing. The discussion also touches upon the controversial design of the new M3 and M4, with differing opinions on the large kidney grille, though the consensus leans towards appreciating BMW's bold, avant-garde approach and the increased customization options. The conversation shifts to the future of electric vehicles and their impact on enthusiasts, acknowledging the necessity of SUVs for brand revenue while hoping for continued production of special enthusiast cars. The M5 CS and its potential Nürburgring record are also mentioned, alongside a discussion on BMW's iconic color palettes and wheel designs. Ultimately, the episode celebrates the current generation of M cars as potentially a 'last hurrah' before a significant design and powertrain shift. less